适用场景：需要求「下一个更大/更小」「上一个更大/更小」、或「右侧第一个满足某条件的元素」时，可优先考虑单调栈。与堆不同，单调栈不负责全局最值，只处理「相邻关系」类的一维序列问题。
\(a_{ideal} \leq\lceil r · b\rceil
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